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9xmovies - New PS80m sea wall planned in Dawlish to protect trains from waves
New PS80m sea wall planned in Dawlish to protect trains from waves
Five years after western Devon and Cornwall were cut off from the rest of the UK by rail, the government has promised £80m for a new sea wall at Dawlish.
A storm in February 2014 severed the Great Western Railway from Exeter to Plymouth. The main line from London to Penzance clings to the coast and is exceptionally vulnerable to seawater.
During the storm, the railway sleepers became driftwood, leaving the tracks suspended in mid-air. No more trains would pass through for two months until the 100ft gap in Brunel’s handiwork was repaired at a cost of £40m.
Now, the Department for Transport has announced further funding of up to £80m “to deliver a new sea wall at Dawlish, providing better protection for the railway and homes behind it”.
“This will help ensure the serious damage and disruption seen during storms in 2014 is not repeated,” the DfT says.
But rail campaigners have long argued that the money would be better spent on reinstating the London and South Western Railway from Exeter via Crediton, Okehampton and Tavistock to Plymouth.
The inland route is far less vulnerable to inclement weather.
It was closed as part of the wholesale dismantling of the rail network in the late 1960s.
Half a century on, over half of the line still carries trains: Okehampton has a link from Exeter, while Bere Alston near Tavistock is connected to Plymouth. But the cost of reinstating the missing portion around the fringes of Dartmoor would run into hundreds of millions of pounds.
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The transport secretary, Chris Grayling, said: “We cannot allow the disruption and damage endured by Dawlish and the south west to happen again.
“This significant investment demonstrates our cast-iron commitment to delivering a resilient and safe railway, giving passengers, businesses and residents confidence in a reliable service.”
Work on the new sea wall will begin in the spring and is expected to be complete by 2021.
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birthday wishes - 10 Books About Serial Killers That Will Have You Sleeping With 1 Eye Open
10 Books About Serial Killers That Will Have You Sleeping With 1 Eye Open
There's no denying that the endless supply of true crime programming Netflix gives us is totally nightmare-inducing, but if you want a really good scare, we suggest picking up a true crime book instead. Serial killers provide some of the most gruesome and repugnant stories out there, and yet — much like celebrity gossip — it's almost impossible not to get caught up in the drama. From Ted Bundy to BTK, these true crime books tell the fascinating stories of history's most infamous serial killers, and though we suggest reading them all, we also suggest reading them in the daytime rather than right before bed.
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aaj tak - Venice's Bibione beach is the first in Italy to ban smoking
Venice's Bibione beach is the first in Italy to ban smoking
The Venetian seaside resort of Bibione will be the first Italian beach to go completely smoke-free, in a mission to safeguard the environment from discarded cigarette ends and protect visitors from secondhand smoke.
The decision comes after eight years of trials, as part of the Breathe the Sea Air project, which saw an initial smoking ban between the first row of umbrellas to the water’s edge. New measures, to be imposed by the end of May, will include designated smoking areas 300 to 400 metres away from the sea, at the edge of the beach. Details regarding fines and whether e-cigarettes are to be permitted will be published in May.
Cigarettes filters, which contain slow-degrading plastic cellulose acetate, can take up to 10 years to decompose. Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are sold worldwide each year, with a vast number of the ends discarded into the surrounding environment. As part of the trials between 2014 and 2018, 550,000 cigarette ends were collected on Bibione beach, which would have otherwise ended up in the sand or sea.
The 8km stretch of beach received 5,317,064 visitors in 2017, making it the fourth most visited beach in the country, after Rimini, Cavallino-Treporti and Jesolo. Of those surveyed, the majority of visitors were in favour of the ban, with 50% supporting a total ban and a further 26% approving of it as long as designated smoking areas were provided. The project has also been backed by the World Health Organisation and health authorities across Italy.
“We’re interested in giving the people who choose to spend their holidays here the chance to breathe the clean sea air without having to put up with polluting substances that are harmful to health,” said Pasqualino Codognotto, mayor of San Michele al Tagliamento-Bibione. “It is also a way of working alongside our guests to promote a culture based on respect, and we are confident that non-smokers and smokers will seize the opportunity that it presents. The initiative also has the backing of all of the members of the local tourist industry.”
Scientific research used to support the move included a report from the Stop Smoking Centre at the Italian National Tumour Institute in Milan, which measured air pollution on and around Bibione beach. It found peaks in pollution levels from cigarettes even from a distance of 10 metres from smokers, and that even though peaks only lasted a few seconds, levels were higher than at the busy roundabout at the resort entrance. The average black carbon measurement (tiny, toxic pollution particles) from when a cigarette was lit until it was put out was 7.4 micrograms/m³, compared with 2.1 at the roundabout and 1.8 on the beach overall.
“This project by Bibione shows that there are no excuses when it comes to health,” said Dr Roberto Boffi, head of respiratory medicine at the institute, who led the report. “For instance, take the Sirchia law that banned smoking in public places. People were initially worried about its impact [on the economy and tourism] but it subsequently set the benchmark on a global scale. My team and I have worked with the resort to show that passive smoking on beaches can be extremely harmful. It is breaking important new ground with this scheme and I hope other beaches will follow its example soon.”
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Other places that have already introduced a ban include Queensland, Australia, on all its patrolled beaches; more than 300 beaches across the US and as of 2018 24 beaches in Thailand, including Patong beach in Phuket and Bo Phut on Koh Samui. Two Welsh beaches have introduced voluntary bans – Little Haven in Pembrokeshire and Caswell Bay in Swansea.
Italy imposed a smoking ban in public enclosed places in 2005, prohibiting smoking in bars, restaurants, clubs and offices. The European commission has called several times for a ban on smoking in public areas, including urging member counties in 2017 to put policies in place to make public spaces, including beaches, smoke-free.
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pokemon - Ayurvedic medicine, treatment and remedies for Anal Fistula
Ayurvedic medicine, treatment and remedies for Anal Fistula
Fistula-in-ano is a condition, in which, abscesses form near the rectum or anus and become infected and filled with pus. About 90% of the people with fistula experience boils due to severe infection in the internal tissues of the anus. According to Ayurveda, a fistula is termed as bhagandar, with symptoms such as severe pain in the bhag (perineum), basti(pelvis) and guda(anal canal). A pidikaor boil around the perianal region bursts and becomes a pus-discharging tract, which further leads to bhagandar, if not treated on time.
Bhagandar is a madhyamarogamargadisease (a disease caused in the internal and medial pathways of the body) and is mentioned under the group of ashtamahagada(eight incurable diseases) in Ayurveda. It is said to be a disease that is difficult to cure. Ksharasutra (Ayurvedic cutting seton) is a recommended and successful Ayurvedic therapy that has been extensively used for fistula treatment. Aragvadha (golden shower), haritaki(chebulic myrobalan), andtriphala(a combination of amalaki[Indian gooseberry], vibhitaki[belleric myrobalan], andharitaki) are some of the herbs used to treat fistula in Ayurveda. Various herbal formulations includingarogyavardhinivati, triphalagugguluand abhayarishtaare also used along with herbs to improve overall health and heal the abscesses. Including fruits and vegetables in daily meals and making lifestyle changes by avoiding excess physical activities such as walking, playing outdoor games, etc., helps manage a fistula better.
- Ayurvedic view of fistula
- Ayurvedic treatment for fistula
- Ayurvedic herbs and medicines for fistula
- Dietary and lifestyle changes for fistula patient as per ayurveda
- How effective are ayurvedic medicines and treatments for fistula
- Side effects and risks of ayurvedic medicine and treatments for fistula
- Takeaway
Ayurvedic view of fistula
According to Acharya Charaka, factors like asthikshanan (injury to the bones), straining during defecation, utktasana (a squatting yogasana), and krimibhakshan (infections by micro-organisms) vitiate the doshas in the body and cause boil formation in the perianal region, which later suppurates and bursts and leads to bhagandar. As per Acharya Sushruta, the six stages of fistula are:
- Sanchaya (accumulation of doshas at the site of the fistula)
- Prakopa (aggravation stage)
- Prasara (propagation stage)
- Sthana sanshraya(localisation stage)
- Vyakti (manifestation stage)
- Bheda (complication stage) – this stage reveals the commencement and progress of the disease.
Ayurvedic texts also categorised fistula into different types as follows:
- Shatponak(vataja– caused due to vitiation of vata): A fistula with many openings
- Parisraavi (kaphaja– caused due to vitiation of kapha): A fistula with a big cavity and profuse discharge
- Unmargi(kshataja): A fistula caused due to trauma.
- Ushtagreev(pittaja– caused due to vitiation of pitta): A fistula that appears like the neck of a camel
- Shambukavarta (sannipataja– caused due to vitiation of all three doshas): A fistula that appears like a horseshoe
The sannipatajatype of fistula is said to be incurable.The vataja, kaphajaandpittajatypes of fistulae, although difficult to treat, are curable.
Ayurvedic treatment for fistula
- Ushnodaka avagaha (hot sitz baths)
- Ushnodaka avagaha is a process in which individuals are asked to bathe with warm water for a long time. Water that is pure and light, devoid of froth or foam, is boiled to half, 1/3rd or 1/4th of its volume depending on the season and the desha (geographical location) in which the person resides and is used for sitz bath.
- A sitz bath is performed for cleansing and achieving relief from problems in the genital, perineal (the area between the vulva and the anus in women and the area between the scrotum and anus in men) and anal area. This therapy relaxes muscles and improves blood flow in these areas.
- A sitz bath is performed using a bathtub (a clean bathtub filled with three to four inches of water) or a sitz bath bowl (a plastic bowl firmly placed on the rim of the toilet seat).
- Herbal formulations or herbs are added to the warm water based on the condition. About 100 mL of panchavalkalaor triphalakwatha(decoction) is added to the sitz bath for people with fistula. The bath is usually performed for about 10 to 20 minutes twice a day. Jatyadi taila(oil) is applied to the anal area after every sitz bath.
- Shastra karma (surgical procedure)
- Shastra karma is adopted as apradhana karma (main treatment) in many conditions. Chedana (incision), eshana(probing),lekhana(scraping) and bhedana(incision made to open a cavity in the body) are some of the surgical methods performed in Ayurveda. Chedana karma is performed in people with fistula.
- Surgery is done at the pakwapidika(suppurating boil) stage. Before the surgery, swedana(sudation or sweat therapy) and snehana(oleation) are performed on the pidika. The pakwapidikais then incised and drained from the most dependent and prominent part.
- A fistulectomy (total removal of the tract) may also be performed in some people.
- Ksharasutra chikitsa
- A ksharasutra is a medicated and sterilised thread that is repeatedly coated with alkaline herbal medicines. Ksharasutra is a parasurgical procedure that has been the main treatment of fistula as this therapy guarantees a low recurrence rate. It is known as a chemical and minimally invasive fistulectomy, unlike the invasive surgical fistulectomy.
- Itis performed using haridra(turmeric), snuhiksheera(latex of the snuhi [Indian spurge] tree), arkaksheera(latex of the arka[crown flower] tree), and other herbs.
- Ksharasutra does not require hospitalisation as it is an outpatient procedure. There are minimum scars and no damage to the anal sphincter.
- Lepa (coating the affected body part with medications)
- A lepais a medicated plaster prepared from herbs, which is applied against the direction of the hair on areas that are swollen and inflamed. Doshagna (lepato reduce the doshas),varnyamukhalepa(cosmetic lepa) and vishaghna(poison-removing lepa) are the three types of lepain Ayurveda.
- The area affected with the fistula is washed with triphalakwatha, and dasangalepawith ghrita(clarified butter) is applied on fistula boil. A mixture of tila(sesame seed), nimbaleaves (Indian lilac), yashtimadhu (mulethi) root and other herbs is made into a lepato apply on the fistula ulcer.
Ayurvedic herbs and medicines for fistula
Ayurvedic Herbs for Fistula
- Haritaki
- Haritaki has expectorant (expels mucus), tonic, nerve-calming and rejuvenating properties. It is known to work on the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems. Haritaki is used to treat many conditions such as piles, ulcerated gums, itching, sore throat, diarrhoea and cough. It is externally used for burns, swellings, scalds, and skin diseases caused due to vata.
- It is available in the form of gargles, decoction, pastes or powder. You can take haritakichurna with lukewarm water or as per your physician's direction.
- Haritaki has tridoshaghna(pacifying all three doshas, especiallyvata) properties and wound-healing and cleansing properties that make it useful in treating a fistula. It also has mild purgative, digestive, anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory and laxative properties, which provide relief from constipation.
- Aragvadha
- Aragvadha has anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, and anti-diabetic properties. The wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties of aragvadha make it useful in the treatment of a fistula.
- The anti-oxidant properties of aragvadha help maintain overall health and wellness. It also protects the body from degenerative and chronic diseases.
- You can take aragvadhachurna with lukewarm water or as per your physician's direction.
- Triphala
- Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation that is rich in antioxidants. It is most commonly used to treat asthma, anaemia, chronic ulcers, fever and constipation. It is primarily a rasayana(rejuvenatives) medicine.
- Triphala improves longevity, immunity and promotes health. It detoxifies and tones the whole body. Triphala also cleanses the gastrointestinal tract and improves assimilation and digestion. Its antibacterial, anti-allergic, antifungal and anti-viral properties protect the body from infections and allergies, therefore, helping prevent fistula ulcers and infections.
- You can take triphalachurnawith lukewarm water or as per your physician's direction.
- Kṛiṣhṇa tila (black sesame)
- Krishna tila is used in Ayurveda to promote hair growth, intelligence and increase bala(strength) in the teeth and body.
- It helps reduce urine output, constipation and vatalevels in the body. It acts as an emollient for the skin and improves appetite.
- This herb has potent wound-healing properties that are helpful in the management of fistula. You can take black sesame oil with milk or as per your physician’s direction.
Ayurvedic Medicines for Fistula
- Triphala guggulu
- Triphala guggulu is a mixture of triphala, trikatu (three acrids – pippali[long pepper], shunthi[dried ginger] and maricha[black pepper]), and guggulu(Indian bdellium-tree).
- Triphala gugguluis used for osteoporosis, urinary problems, osteoarthritis, urustambha(painful stiff thighs), and fistula. It reduces vatain the body. The anti-inflammatory activity of triphalagugguluis useful in achieving relief from pain and inflammation that may arise after the shastra karma or ksharasutratreatment for fistula.
- You can taketriphalagugguluvati(tablets) with lukewarm water or as per your physician’s direction.
- Abhayarishta
- Arishtas are herbal decoctions that are prepared by boiling herbs. Abhayarishta is a mixture of chavak(choi jal), gokshura(small caltrops), shunthi, dantimool(wild castor roots) and other herbs.
- Abhayarishta brings the peristaltic movements of the intestine into balance and helps reduce constipation. As it treats constipation, it reduces the pressure on the anal sphincter, thus providing relief to those with fistula. It also removes ama (toxins) from the body through faeces and treats digestive diseases.
- When given with ghrita, it lubricates intestines.
- You can take abhayarishta with an equal quantity of water or as per your physician's direction.
- Arogyvardhini vati
- As the name suggests, arogyavardhinivatiaims at being a vardhini(improver) for the arogya(health) of an individual. This medicine balances all three doshas in the body.
- Arogyavardhini vatiacts as a carminative and appetite promotor, thus improving digestive functions. It helps with indigestion and improves bowel movements, thus providing relief from constipation and other bowel problems in people with a fistula. It also improves appetite
- Herbs like haritaki present this formulation act as a laxative, thus helping in the easy passing of stools in people with fistula.
- You can take arogyavardhini vati with lukewarm water or as per your physician’s direction.
As treatments vary according to numerous factors and an individual’s prakriti (constitution), consult a qualified Ayurvedic doctor for the appropriate medications and treatments for your specific complaints.
Dietary and lifestyle changes for fistula patient as per ayurveda
Do’s
- Include green gram, leafy vegetables, wheat, nimba, dried grapes, old rice, goat’s milk, pepper, radish, brinjal, ginger, kapittha (wood apple) and horse gram in your diet.
- Have light meals.
- Perform fasting and therapeutic emesis, therapeutic purgation and therapeutic bloodletting under the direction of an Ayurvedic physician.
- Maintain an appropriate posture.
Don’ts
- Do not over-exercise.
- Do not sit or stand for a long period.
- Avoid sex.
- Do not sleep during the day.
- Do not participate in wrestling.
- Do not eat food at irregular times.
- Do not eat cold, incompatible or heavy foods.
- Do not ride a bicycle or participate in horse-riding and outdoor games.
- Do not consume the meat of animals that belong to marshy places.
How effective are ayurvedic medicines and treatments for fistula
A study was conducted in 2010 to test the efficacy of ksharasutra in 30 patients with fistula. All the patients achieved complete healing in 7 weeks, and the recurrence rate of the fistula was only 1%. The study concluded that the anti-inflammatory and other chemical properties of the medicated thread used for ksharasutraproved effective in reducing recurrence and incontinence.
Another study conducted to test the efficacy of sitz baths in the treatment of fistula demonstrated that sitz baths using haridrahelped provide relief from constipation and indigestion.
A research article published in the year 2016 stated that people who underwent ksharasutra therapy showed no postoperative bleeding and had minimal pain. None of the patients not needed local anaesthesia and all of them were able to report to duty at the earliest. The treatment was found to be safe and cost-effective.
Side effects and risks of ayurvedic medicine and treatments for fistula
Haritaki should not be used in pregnant women. People with dehydration, excess pitta levels, severe exhaustion and emaciation should avoid the use of haritaki.
Takeaway
Fistula is an abscess that leads to pain and discomfort in daily life, affecting the quality of life significantly. Conventional treatments do not have promising results in achieving permanent recovery from fistula as recurrence occurs in most people. Ayurvedic therapy of ksharasutrais a safe, efficient and cost-effective method for treating fistulae. Herbs and medicines used by Ayurveda to treat fistula also avoid further aggravation of the condition, prevent infection and improve digestive function, bowel movements, and immunity.