Measles: WHO warns cases have jumped 50%
The World Health Organization has warned that efforts to halt the spread of measles are “backsliding”, with case numbers worldwide surging around 50% last year.
The UN health agency pointed to preliminary data showing that the disturbing trend of resurgent measles cases was happening at a global level, including in wealthy nations where vaccination coverage has historically been high.
“Our data are showing that there is a substantial increase in measles cases. We’re seeing this in all regions,” said Katherine O’Brien, WHO’s director of immunisation and vaccines.
“We’re having outbreaks that are protracted, that are sizeable and that are growing,” she said. “This is not an isolated problem.”
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O’Brien pointed out that fewer than 10% of actual measles cases are reported. “So when we see the reported cases increasing by 50%, we know that we’re heading in the wrong direction,” she said, adding that the true number of infections was “in the millions”.
Countries have until April to report measles cases registered in 2018 to the WHO.
But the agency said the data it has received so far showed that around 229,000 cases had already been reported, compared to 170,000 for 2017.
In 2018 measles caused approximately 136,000 deaths around the world, according to the WHO’s preliminary figures. The highly contagious disease can cause severe diarrhoea, pneumonia and vision loss. It can be fatal in some cases and remains “an important cause of death among young children” according to the WHO. The disease can be easily prevented with two doses of a “safe and efficient” vaccine that has been in use since the 1960s, the UN agency says.
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Up until 2016 the number of measles cases had been steadily declining but since 2017 the number had soared, according to Katrina Kretsinger, who heads WHO’s expanded immunisation programme.
“There are a number of outbreaks … which are driving some of these increases,” she told reporters, pointing to significant outbreaks in Ukraine, Madagascar, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad and Sierra Leone.
In Madagascar alone “from October 2018 through 12 February 2019 a total of 66,278 cases and 922 deaths have been reported”, the WHO said.
In poorer countries, marginalised communities and states in conflict, lacking access to the vaccine is the problem, the WHO says.
In Europe and other wealthy areas, meanwhile, experts blame the problem in part on complacency and misinformation about the vaccine.
The resurgence of the disease in some countries has been linked to medically baseless claims linking the measles vaccine to autism, which have been spread in part on social media by members of the so-called “anti-vax” movement.
“We’re backsliding on the progress that has been made,” O’Brien said.
“And we’re not backsliding because we don’t have the tools to prevent this. We do have the tools to prevent measles,” she said.
“We’re backsliding because of the failure to vaccinate.”
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